ACT Test Results How to Get and Interpret Your Results

ACT Test Results How to Get and Interpret Your Results SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you took the ACT recently, you’re probably eager to see how you did so you can send your scores to colleges or prepare for the next test date. But how do you get your score report, and what’s the best way to interpret your scores? In this article, I’ll go through how and when you can get your report, what’s on it, and how to get the most out of the information you’re given. How Do I Get My ACT Scores? Your multiple choice scores will be available online in your ACT Web Account about two weeks after you take the ACT.If you took Writing, those scores are available about two weeks after your multiple choice scores (so four weeks, give or take, after the test).The ACT says score reports are usually available 2-8 weeks after the test, which seems like a huge window. They're just trying to account for weird circumstances that sometimes cause scores to take longer, like an irregularity at your test center or answer documents from your test center arriving late. Barring anything out of the ordinary, you should expect to see your scores online no later than four weeks after the ACT.After this point, you can start sending them to schools. Unfortunately, there isno way to speed up the actual scoring process; you can only use rush reporting to send scores to colleges after your scores are released. What Will Be on My ACT Score Report? The first thing you’ll see on your score report is your composite score. This is the large number on the top left in the box labeled â€Å"Your ACT Scores†.You’ll also get a set of percentages with your composite score.These percentages give you your score percentile as compared to students in your state (the first bar) and in the US as a whole (the second bar). It's the percentage of students who were at or below your score level on the test. Next, you’ll see your scores broken down by section. English is split into two categories of questions: Usage/Mechanics and Rhetorical Skills Math is split into three categories of questions: Pre-Algebra/Elementary Algebra, Algebra/Coordinate Geometry, and Plane Geometry/Trigonometry Reading is split into two categories of questions: Social Studies/Sciences and Arts/Literature Science doesn’t have any breakdown of categories. It just lists one score for the whole section. For English, Math, and Reading, you'll see a score for each section and then scores for the categories beneath the sections (for Science there's only the one complete score).For each test section score and question category score you'll also see a bar that shows you your score percentile. The question category subscores can range from 1-18, and the test section scores range from 1-36 just like your full composite score.Note that the scores you see for the categories under each test section score don't necessarily add up to the section score. Your Writing score will be listed below all of these scores if you took the ACT with Writing.This score is reported on a scale of 2-12 (starting with the September 2016 ACT). There are four domain categories below the Writing score, each of which is also scored from 2-12. The ACT averages these scores to arrive at your final score out of 12. Just like with the other sections, you'll see percentile bars next to each of these scores to indicate how you compare to other students. Below your main scores, you'll see an "ELA score" and a "STEM score." The ELA score is the average of your English, Reading, and Writing (converted to a value out of 36) scores. The STEM score is the average of your Math and Science scores. Both of these are recorded on a scale of 1-36. Consult the ACT websiteto see an example of what a real score report looks like. What Do I Do With This Information From My ACT Results? So you have all these numbers, but who cares? How can they help you do better next time?If you know where your weak spots lie, it’s going to be much easier to focus your studying.Here are a couple examples of actions you might take based on what you see on your score report: Case #1: You Aced Algebra But Missed a Lot of Trigonometry Questions This indicates that you have a content-based problem with trigonometry. Maybe you didn’t know all the formulas or you're not familiar with the best strategies to solve these types of problems.Review all the formulas you need to know for ACT Math as related to trigonometry. Also review what’s tested on ACT Math, and make sure you’re familiar with all the material. If you see something you feel shaky on, try some practice questions for that topic.Look intothese strategies for improving your math performance as well. Case #2: You Did Well on English, But your Writing Score Was Low The essay can be one of the toughest aspects of the ACT, especially because it comes at the end of the test when you’re tired already. Though the ELA subscore doesn't affect your overall ACT score, many top colleges are still interested in your performance on the essay. If you had trouble with the essay, take a look at these tips for improving your score.Since you did well on the English section, you probably don’t have a problem with grammar and sentence structure. You might just need to work on organizing your thoughts better overall and providing better examples to support your argument. Case #3: You Struggled with Science and Reading If you had issues with these sections, it probably means you need to work on reading passages more efficiently and interpreting them correctly.Check out these strategies for bothscience passages and reading passages.The Science and Reading sections actually require similar skills, namely skimming over information and making fast-paced judgments about the content. If you think the time constraints caused you to miss questions, review these strategies for time management on both sections. Experiment with different strategies for approaching ACT science passages...heh A Final Word on Score Reports Your score report is a helpful study tool that will give you more information about areas on the test where you need to make improvements.It might also be a good idea to order Test Information Release for the ACT, which provides a more in-depth look at your scores and the specific questions you missed. Read more about this service here. Compare your score report to your target scores so you can see how much you need to study before the next test! What's Next? If you're trying to figure out when you should take the ACT again, use this guide to find out which test date is right for you. Check out these study plans to get an idea of how you might plan out your prep in advance of the next test date. Frustrated with your score? Learn how to get a perfect 36 on the ACT, and check out these more detailed guides on doing well on ACT English, Math, Reading, and Science. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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How to choose a business-writing training provider - Emphasis

How to choose a business-writing training provider How to choose a business-writing training provider Writing skills is a subject that many trainers claim to be able to provide. Heres our guide to sorting the wheat from the chaff. Writing analysis Its important always to build on what trainees know already. So a good provider should start by assessing documents that delegates have written and do so preferably in advance of the training course. (At Emphasis, we start by assessing 14 aspects of each delegates writing, producing a graph to show which skills they should concentrate on.) Its also useful if they can do the same after training, to assess the effectiveness of the training and pick up on any outstanding learning needs. Specialist trainers The fact that English is usually the first language of trainees does not mean that any English-speaking trainer can train them to use it effectively. Many trainers claim to be able to deliver writing-skills training. But you need to make sure that they have specialist skills in this area apart from experience of running training courses on the subject. To state the obvious: English may be our native language, but its still a language. So it demands specialist skills. After all, you wouldnt want to learn Spanish from a trainer whose only qualification is that they read a book on it last week. Flexible, solutions-based approach The objective of all training should be to give trainees the skills they need to work more effectively. It should not be simply to run a training course. Make sure, therefore, that the providers you choose can be flexible in their approach. They should be able to use a range of training techniques (eg. group-based training; one-to-one, on-site coaching; telephone coaching), so that they can adopt the methods most suited to the trainees needs and circumstances. Bespoke training Training needs to be authentic to work, as trainees need to be able to apply the techniques they learn to their jobs straight away, without having to translate it. So make sure that the provider you choose has the resources to provide bespoke training courses. Follow-up support The true test of training comes when trainees get back to their desks and have to plough through the 30 emails that have piled up while they were on the course. New techniques are easily dislodged by day-to-day workloads, and its all-too easy to slip back into bad habits. So ask what back-up the trainer can provide such as telephone/email support or regular reminders of key messages. If youd like to discuss how we can help you or your team improve your business-writing, call us on +44 (0)1273 936 907 or send us a message.

The views of young South- Asian males and females have changed around Essay

The views of young South- Asian males and females have changed around the issue of marriage - Essay Example The marriages in general can essentially be conducted following two norms, arranged marriage and love marriage. There is another type of marriage, known as love-arranged marriage, the type beyond the scope of this pilot study. Arranged marriage refers to the kind of marriage in which parents select prospective spouse for their children with the consideration of the family values, culture, education, occupation and social compatibility (Nanda, 1995). On the other hand, love marriages can be seen as a means in which the prospective spouses themselves take the decision to stay together irrespective of their corresponding family concern. In South-Asian context, the last decades of the twentieth century has brought an increasing radical shift in changing the perspective of marriage pattern and corresponding decision-making policy. The aim of the study is to find out the views of young South-Asian males and females on marriage, to find out whether there are any gender differences in approa ch and to find out reasons accounting for the differences. In Asian context, especially in South-Asia, the arrangement in the changes of socio-cultural and socioeconomic pattern have facilitated the increasing acceptance of â€Å"freedom of choice† among young individuals in terms of changing from arranged marriage to self-selected or love marriage (Tsuya, 2001). The current study is focusing on finding out to what extent self-selected marriage or love marriage is desirable and the changing pattern of attitude for the selection of partner by the candidate himself or herself or still left for the parents to settle on for the children to follow. However, the radical shift from arranged marriage to love marriage being observed especially during last decades suggests the possible link between dowry system and arrangement of marriage system. The change in the attitude governing the dowry system, central to the arranged marriage, may act to be responsible for, or

On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense - Essay Example Here he discusses the implication of language to our acquisition of knowledge. The second part deals with the dual nature of man, i.e. the rational and the intuitive. He establishes that neither rational nor intuitive man is ever successful in their pursuit of knowledge due to our illusion of truth. Therefore, Nietzsche concludes that all we can claim to know are interpretations of truth and not truth itself. Analysis In the first part of his work, Nietzsche asserts that: â€Å"The pride connected with knowing and sensing lies like a blinding fog over the eyes and senses of men, thus deceiving them concerning the value of existence† (Nietzsche 451-452). Here, it seems that Nietzsche is trying to reject any empirical sense of gaining knowledge. For example, I know that I am sitting on a wooden chair because I can see the chair, feel the texture of the wood, touch it, and even smell the aroma of it. But Nietzsche argues that we only perceive the surface of things, and our  "senses nowhere lead to the truth" (Nietzsche 452). This is what Nietzsche meant by using the analogy of our senses being like a â€Å"blinding fog over the eyes† and thus deceiving us on our knowledge about things. But how do we know what is true from what is false? What is truth as opposed to lies? Here, Nietzsche introduces the concept of man as a social being who creates peace among society and forms a general consensus in the process of doing so. He once more establishes his point by saying that â€Å"this peace treaty brings in its wake something which appears to be the first step toward acquiring that puzzling truth drive† (Nietzsche 452). Furthermore, he argues that â€Å"a uniformly valid and binding designation is invented for things, and this legislation of language likewise establishes the first laws of truth. For the contrast between truth and lie arises here for the first time† (Nietzsche 452-453). In other words, Nietzsche establishes his foundati on of truth as opposed to lies. Since the development of language, all its representations are, according to Nietzsche, lies. Language is a form of self-deception, which humans have created to convince themselves that the unreal is real. Indeed, Nietzsche asks, â€Å"Is language the adequate expression of all realities?† (Nietzsche 453). The emphasis here is the one to one correspondence of an object to that of its spoken word. For example, when I a rainbow, the first thing that I associate with it is color. Almost anyone would understand me if associate the word â€Å"color† to the object â€Å"rainbow†. However, consider the following scenario: what if you were never exposed to color? Since you were born into this world, you were kept inside a house that had only shades of gray. In short, what if the world you consider as real is all in black and white? Now consider that this person saw a â€Å"rainbow† outside his window for the first time, would he as sociate the term â€Å"color† with it? Would he even know what â€Å"color† means? This is the point that Nietzsche wants us to understand regarding language. I quote, â€Å"It is this way with all of us concerning language: we believe that we know something about the things themselves when we speak of trees, colors, snow, and flowers; and yet we possess nothing but metaphors for things - metaphors which correspond in no way to the original entities† (Nietzsche 454). Thus, Nietzsche concludes that â€Å"the genesis of language does not proceed logically in any case, and all the material within and with

My Sisters Keeper Essay Example for Free

My Sisters Keeper Essay My Sister’s Keeper is a movie about a young girl named Anna (Abigail Breslin) whose life was brought to be for a very important purpose. She was born into a loving family with two adoring parents that made the decision to have another child in the hopes of saving the life of older their daughter that has leukemia. Throughout the entire movie the family and therefore the audience is presented with love, laughter and many emotional moral issues. Just like in real life there are many ups and downs and obstacles to be overcome. Some of moral dilemmas the characters face include stem cell research, at what age can children start making life changing decisions life for themselves and euthanasia to an extent. Wikipedia defines stem cell controversy as â€Å"the ethical debate primarily concerning the creation, treatment, and destruction of human embryos incident to research involving embryonic stem cells†1. In this movie the creation of the human embryo was done by the parents and done so in the natural way. Although created from love, the results were still the same. From the time Anna was born she had gone through numerous and painful surgeries. In my opinion the surgeries were justified lifesaving and miraculous surgeries that provided the entire family with memories they can all cherish after Kate’s- Anna’s older sister (Sofia Vassilleva) passing. However as Kate got older and developed her own voice additional and perhaps unseen problems emerged. She was screaming to be heard about how she felt about the decisions made about her life and was being ignored. So she decided that Anna was old enough and strong enough to fight for her rights regardless of her age. The subject of what age a children can start making life altering choices fall upon two of the characters in this movie. We, the audience are lead to believe that Anna whom is eleven has decided that’s enough is enough- as she exclaims to an attorney that she’s trying to hire â€Å"I want to sue my parents for the right to my own body.† As the attorney, played by Alec Baldin read her medical history we get the sense that this all has gone too far. Something that was meant to be miraculous has somehow turned into something almost tortious and something that no parent in their right mind would put their child through. So therein lies the main debate of the move, Is Anna old enough and wise enough to make decisions about her own life and body. However later we discover it isn’t Anna who is seeking her independents, it’s her sister Kate. At 15, Kate has also spent the majority of her life in and out of surgery, as well as watching her family hurt from the pain that she’s experiencing. So she’s the one who is struggling to be heard since her parents are the ones able to make medical decisions for her and her sister. Kate has convinced her little sister Anna to no longer agree to any more surgeries to help prolong her life. This to many, including her mother (Cameron Diaz) is a form of suicide. There is such a fine line separating suicide from not accepting medical assistants to save your life. After my own life experiences I would have to agree that Kate has the right to choose when her life ends. I could only imagine, as we all could ONLY imagine not having been in that situation. I don’t honestly believe one would know how they would react until in that position themselves. There seem to be countless things to consider when considering ending your life. Mainly I would think it would be the loved ones you’re leaving behind. They will be the ones left her to face the pain of losing the person they love. In this movie the person that seems to struggle the most with the idea of loss is the person that seemed to fight the hardest, Sara, the mother. Thankfully they offer a light at the end of the tunnel. Although Kate is no longer alive her spirit seems to live. There is a new found sparkle that develops in her families eyes after time is allowed to heal some of their wounds. Leading the audience to believe that perhaps there is a peace that is brought when the suffering ends. This movie was nothing less than an emotional rollercoaster that left my mind spinning with questions for myself many hours after watching it. Although many people in class that felt a lot of anger towards the mother in the film, again I go back to no one would really know what they’d do until in that position. She was faced with an issue and dealt with it the best and only way she knew how- her way. In my opinion morality and ethics seem to come down to a lot of judgments and theories on what we’d do if that situation happened to us. As I’ve gotten older and with what I’ve experienced I believe that besides myself I only have one person to answer to and that’s my Lord and Savior and on the day I have to answer for what I’ve done, I truly believe if it was done with Him in my heart then I’ll have given the right answers.

Experimental Psy Article Review :: essays research papers

Experimental Psychology Article review of ‘Distorted Retrospective Eyewitness Reports as Functions of Feedback and Delay’ by Gary L. Wells, Elizabeth A. Olson, and Steve D. Charman. Iowa State University Journal of Experimental Psychology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article was mainly about eye witnesses and the many errors they make in recalling a situation or describing a culprit whether they are asked immediately or after a period of time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this study, witnesses viewed a crime video and attempted to identify the culprit from a group line-up that did not actually have the culprit present. 253 mistaken-identification eyewitnesses were randomly given confirming, disconfirming, or no feedback regarding their description of the culprit or the culprit’s identification. The feedback process was either immediate or delayed for 48 hours, and measures were also immediate or delayed for 48 hours. It was shown that those who were given confirming feedback gave more distorted information. They had increased confidence in remembering what had happened, were able to make out facial details and their length of time to identify the culprit changed. There was also no difference in their statements when they were asked immediately or after 48 hours. Those who received disconfirming feedback were not so confident and took longer time to identify the culprit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The writers argue that the focus on identification itself, especially in court cases, does not factor in the influence that postidentification suggestions have on the testimony of the eyewitness that might later be given about the identification. They suggest that postidentification feedback from the lineup administrator has strong effects on how the eye witness remembers the original event and on how the eyewitness recalls the identification decision. They call this the Postidentification Feedback Effect. This Effect influences both the retrospective reports of confidence and the eyewitnesses’ retrospective reports of how good their view of the culprit was, how much attention they paid to the culprit, how long they took to identify the culprit and so on. According to the writers, any psychological interpretations of the postidentification feedback effect must take into account the broad range of effects on retrospective reports of the witnessing experience rather than merely the effect on retrospective confidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There have also been recent studies that have replicated and extended the Postidentification Feedback Effect in various ways. According to one study, â€Å"the Postidentification Feedback Effect is reduced by having eyewitnesses think privately about their certainty, the view they had, and so on, prior to giving them feedback (Wells & Bradfield, 1999).

New Directions – Exploration, Expansion, Society, and the Arts

Unit 3: New Directions – Exploration, Expansion, Society, and the Arts Chapters 15 & Palmer Study Guide Part I Identifying Key Terms Notable People * Prince Henry the Navigator: Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal developed a school of merchant and sailor to prepare them for exploration. He supported the exploration of the West African coastline and later controlled the flow of gold to Europe. * Christopher Columbus: After Vasco da Gama reached India by rounding the Cape of Good Hope, Columbus decided to just sail West without knowing the presence of the â€Å"New World. His landing in the Caribbean in 1492 ushered in the era of European exploration and domination of the New World. * Bartholomew Diaz: In 1488, Bartholomew Diaz rounded the Cape of Good Hope and returned back to Portugal without reaching India. His journey gave motivation for Vasco da Gama to round the Cape of Good Hope and reach India. * Hernando Cortez: In 1521 Hernando Courts conquers the Mexica (Aztec) E mpire by convincing the natives that he was the God. He used the encomienda system which was a disguised form of slavery. Bartolome de las Casas: de las Casas, a former conquistador, publicly criticized the ruthlessness with which Columbus and his successors treated the Amerindians. * Michel de Montaigne * Giovanni Bernini * Francisco Pizarro: Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in 1533. He used the encomienda system which was a disguised form of slavery. * Ferdinand Magellan: In 1519 Magellan proves the world round and the world is a lot bigger than expected by circumnavigating the globe. He convinces the Spanish to give up gaining power in the spice trade. Vasco da Gama: Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut, India in 1498 and launches the Portuguese military expansion. His motives for his journey to India were â€Å"Christians and spices. † * Fuggers: Fuggers were on of the banking families like the Medicis who used usury, change in high interests, to gain money and power. Later, the Fuggers were replaced by state banks in Holland. Terms and Events * Columbian Exchange: Both Europe and the New world were transformed as a result of the Age of Exploration and the exchanges that occurred between tow regions.For Europeans, the Columbian exchange resulted in improved diet, increased wealth, and the rise of global empires. * Conquistadors * Encomienda: Encomienda system was a system in which the Amerindians worked for an owner for certain number of days per week. Spain’s ability to forcibly utilize Amerindian labor was a major reason why the Spanish Empire imported few slaves form Africa. * Joint-stock company: Joint stock companies allowed investors to pool resources for a common purpose. One successful example is the Dutch E. India Company. Price Revolution: The price revolution occurred due to population growth, increase in volume of money, and the influx of gold and silver from New World. The middle class (merchant, bankers, etc) benefited from the price revolution and prospered. * Treaty of Tordesillas: The treaty divided the New World between Spain and Portugal. It gave Spain the exclusive right to the African slave trade (asiento). * Mercantilism: Nations sought a self-sufficient economy by creating a favorable balance of trade where one’s country exported far more than it imported. Triangular trade: The rianglular trade developed form the Columbian Exchange that links Africa, the New World, and Europe by trade. Both Europe and the New world were transformed as a result of the Age of Exploration and the exchanges that occurred. * Middle Passage * Malleus Maleficarum * Dutch East India Company: The Company, founded in 1602, founded settlement in South Africa, took over many Portuguese trading posts, and seized Malaca in 1641. It was one of the first joint stock companies and was the beginning of capitalism. Bank of Amsterdam: * London Stock Exchange: * â€Å"Old Imperialism†: The old imperialism is characte rized by establishing posts and forts on coastal regions but not penetrating inland to conquer entire regions or subjugate their populations. It benefited the mother countries in Europe because the colonies provided raw materials which could be manufacture and sold for profit. * Entrepreneur * Commercial Revolution: The commercial revolution is a five century economic transition from feudalism to industrial capitalism.Major aspects were commercialization of industry, new capitalistic ventures, and mercantilism. * Putting Out System * Usury: Usury is where a banking family puts extremely high interest on loans to gain money. However, usury was abolished when individual banks were replaced by state banks. Part II Review Quesitons 1. Why did Europeans begin to embark on voyages of discovery and expansion at the end of the fifteenth century? Europeans began to embark on voyages of discovery and expansion for political, economic, and religious reasons.One of the primary motives was the T urkish dominance of Mediterranean because Turks controlled the trade material price. Another reason was Portugal’s curiosity about the unknown and the eagerness to find the Ethiopian kingdom of Prester John. As the phrase â€Å"God, glory, and gold† states, the main reasons were to conquest Muslims, find gold and silver, and glorify oneself. 2. How did Portugal and Spain acquire their overseas empires, and how did their empires differ? 3. How did European expansion affect both the conquerors and the conquered? . What was mercantilism, and what was its relationship to colonial empires? In mercantilism, nations sought a self-sufficient economy by creating a favorable balance of trade where one’s country exported far more than it imported. The mother nations used the colonies to acquire raw materials and used the raw materials and produced manufactured goods. The mother nations benefited from the colonies hrough raw materials, gold, and much more. The colonies also served as markets for finished goods where the mother nations gained profit. 5.What was the relationship between European overseas expansion and political, economic, and social developments in Europe? 6. What was the social status of women between 1560-1648, and what do the witch hunts tell us about social attitudes toward women? 7. What is skepticism? Why did faith and religious certainty begin to come to an end in the first part of the seventeenth century? 8. Explain how advances in learning and technology influenced fifteenth and sixteenth century European exploration and trade. Advances in learning and technology allowed European exploration and trade to happen without many troubles.Caravels that had triangular lateen sails and the sternpost rudder and used wind speed to move allowed the Europeans to travel through the Atlantic Ocean. With less human labor, more cargo space opened up for trade goods to be shipped. Astrolabe, the use of stars or the sun to travel, explorers were able to know the approximate location of their ship in the middle of ocean. Cartography and learning Atlantic wind patterns enhanced the easiness and accuracy of the journey. 9. Explain the reasons for the rise of the Netherlands as a leading commercial power in the period 1550-1650.Two political reasons for the rise of the Netherlands as a leading commercial power are the support from merchant oligarchies of autonomous provinces and the Iberian neglect of domestic economy. Because Spain didn’t expand its manufacturing industries, Spain had to give all its gold and silver to pay for their imports. On the other hand, Netherlands developed its service industries such as manufacturing and banking which enhanced the economy. Netherlands had the largest merchant marine in Europe that could protect the ships with goods from attacks by pirates and other nations.Because Netherlands was the haven for religious exiles, the Calvinist Protestant work Ethic spread. 10. Describe the cause s of the â€Å"price revolution† and the effect of this period of inflation upon European society. Price revolution was the period of gradual inflation due to population growth, increase in volume of money, and influx of gold and silver from the New World. As the population increased, the demand for goods also increased, which led to increasing prices. Nobles who had fixed income were negatively affected by the price revolution.However, the middle class (bourgeoisie) who acquired much of their wealth from trading and manufacturing increased their social and political status. The peasants or the poor who didn’t have enough income suffered the most from the inflation and increasing prices of goods. 11. Describe the differences between Spanish and Portuguese exploration in the sixteenth century and English and Dutch exploration in the seventeenth century. 12. Describe the reasons behind King Charles I’s decision to begin the African slave trade. Las Casas who criti cized the encomienda system urged Spanish crown to find a new source of labor other than the natives.The sugarcane plantations in the Caribbean and South Africa required a backbreaking labor supply. In 1518, Charles I authorized first shipment of Africans to the New World in order to increase labor for sugarcane plantations. For King Charles, slaves were the only source of labor that could work and bring profit to his country. 13. Using at least two specific pieces of art, describe Baroque art. Who supported its development, and how was it both similar to and different from previous styles of art? 14. What are the defining characteristics of the Commercial Revolution?Three major aspects of the Commercial Revolution are commercialization of industry, new capitalistic ventures, and mercantilism. The commercialization of the cottage industry supported by national monarchs began to usurp the economic power held by guild and propel transition of the economy to industrial capitalism. The development of state/national banks, stock markets, and joint stock companies describe how people were interested in investment for profit. During the commercial revolution, new industries such as mining, shipbuilding, artillery, and printing developed. 5. What are the three factors that caused the further development of the Commercial Revolution during the early modern age? Three factors that furthered the growth of the Commercial revolution are opening of the Atlantic, population growth, and price revolution. The opening of the Atlantic allowed for greater trade and a global trade for the first time. Population growth during the 16th century meant increased production and increased profit. The price revolution which led to inflation decreased the power of nobilities and increased the power and status of bourgeoisies.Part III Chronological Awareness 1. Sack of Antwerp by Alexander Farnese 2. Vasco da Gama lands at Calicut in India 3. Dutch found New Amsterdam 4. Dutch seize Malacca from Portuguese 5. Portuguese capture Malacca from Muslims 6. English settlement at Jamestown 7. African slave trade begins 8. Treaty of Tordesillas 9. Pizarro defeats Incas in Peru 10. Opening of the Potosi mines Part IV Multiple Choice Practice 1. Which of the following is true about the commercial revolution in Europe? a. Most of the money used for overseas commercial venture came from European governments. b.Joint-stock companies provided the means for individual investor to profit from overseas commercial ventures. c. European nations willingly cooperated to prevent commercial rivalries in the New World. d. Private banking houses continued to be the standard financial institutions of the age of exploration. e. Most nations saw a reduction in tariffs and trade restrictions during the commercial revolution. 2. Which of the following is the underlying premise of mercantilism? a. Agriculture should be the backbone of the economy. b. Government intervention in the economy is detrim ental to its prosperity. c.There is a limited amount of bullion in the world, and the nation that controls the most will dominate politically and economically. d. Colonies are a waste of resources, and the money could be better spent on public transportation projects. e. Governments should work hard to prevent monopolies. 3. The Treaty of Tordesillas a. Set boundaries that divided New World colonization between the English and the French. b. Set boundaries that divided New World colonization between the Portuguese and the Spanish. c. Set boundaries that divided West Indian trade routes between the Dutch and the Portuguese. d.Banned the Catholic Church from missionary activity in China. e. Banned the Catholic Church from missionary activity in Japan. 4. All of the following were goals of Prince Henry the Navigator EXCEPT f. Seeking a Christian kingdom as an ally against the Muslims. g. Finding new trade opportunities for Portugal. h. Extending Christianity to the newly discovered reg ions. i. Buying slaves to ship to the New World. j. Wanting to explore the coast of Africa for Portugal. 5. Overseas trade and settlement in the seventeenth century was most clearly dominated by k. The Dutch. l. Portugal. m. Spain. n. England. o. France. 6.Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the means of overseas expansion during the age of exploration? p. The nations most heavily involved in overseas trade were those that had dominated trade during the medieval and Renaissance periods. q. Ptolemy’s world map quickly led explorers astray, and it wasn’t until Mercator made his famous map that sailors were able to venture to the New World. r. The invention of the quadrant allowed sailors to safely sail below the equator. s. In the late fifteenth century, most educated Europeans still thought the earth was flat and feared sailing until Columbus returned from his first voyage. . The growth of centralized monarchies during the Renaissance created governments th at had the means to support overseas expansion. 7. Why did the English, Dutch, and French governments fail to begin colonization of the Americas and direct trade with the Orient until more than 100 years after Columbus â€Å"discovered† America? u. Their geographical positions put them at a disadvantage for trans-oceanic movement. v. The northern countries lacked suitable ships and the advanced technology to make long voyages. w. Domestic troubles and religious controversies delayed organized action. x.Western European bankers refused to loan monarchs money for such ventures. y. The northerners were slow to abandon their traditional Mediterranean trade routes. 8. All of the following statements regarding the â€Å"Price Revolution† begun in Europe during the sixteenth century are true EXCEPT z. Workers’ wages increased to equal the rising standard of living. {. A steady rise in population added to consumer demand. |. Imports of gold and silver increased the mone y supply. }. The policies of the new monarchies included steady hikes in taxes. ~. The availability of bank credit increased business expansion and production. . Couples in early modern Europe generally put off marriage until they were, on average, in their mid- to late twenties because a. sexual maturation was delayed until the mid-twenties because of poor nutrition. b. they were concerned about scarcity of housing. c. they needed to acquire land or learn a trade before they could support a family. d. the customs and mores of a society dominated by religion promoted sexual restraint. e. laws prohibited marriage without parental permission before the age of majority. 10. Why did African slavery grow quickly in the Caribbean and South America in the sixteenth century? . As Europeans came to love tobacco, tobacco plantations demanded more slave labor. b. European realized that African slaved worked well with European slaves and, therefore, produced more cotton. c. The Spanish conquere d the Dutch colonies in the New World and began to use African slaves to cultivate coffee. d. Because rice was a staple in diets around the world, Europeans realized that they needed more slaves to produce larger quantities of it. e. Because of the European appetite for sugar, natures shipped African slaves in large numbers to the New World to work on sugar cane plantations.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Land Ordinance of 1785 I)The Land Ordinance A. Adoption 1. The United States Congress adopted the Land Ordinance of 1785 in May 1785. 2. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Ordinance of 1784, which called for the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, north of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River to be divided. a. This ordinance did not exactly describe how the land would be settled, governed, or how the land would become a state. 3.The Land Ordinance of 1785 put the 1784 resolution in operation by providing mechanism for selling or settling the land. B. Goals and Accomplishments: 1. Due to the fact that Congress could not raise taxes, the main goal of the ordinance was to sell the unmapped territory west of the states acquired in 1783 through the Treaty of Paris and uses the income as federal profit. 2. Over three-fourths of the continental US was surveyed using the rectangular survey, which provided the following: a. Easily recognizable land descriptions . Economic, political, and social development in the townships. 4. The Ordinance divided the land into townships, six square miles each that were divided into 36 1 square mile sections. a. Each of the 36 sections were subdivided into portions of land that were sold or used for a specific purpose. b. Section 16 of every township was reserved for the maintenance of public schools. c. In later townships, section 36 was designated as a school section. d. Sections 8, 11, 26, and 29 were reserved for federal sale Related article: Land of Opportunity

The aim of this investigation is to examine whether or not the number of people per doctor affects a countries average life expectancy Essays

The aim of this investigation is to examine whether or not the number of people per doctor affects a countries average life expectancy Essays The aim of this investigation is to examine whether or not the number of people per doctor affects a countries average life expectancy Essay The aim of this investigation is to examine whether or not the number of people per doctor affects a countries average life expectancy Essay The aim of this investigation is to examine whether or not the number of people per doctor affects a countries average life expectancy. The life expectancy of many lesser economically developed countries is lower than that of more economically developed countries. Generally, better-developed countries have a greater doctor to population ratio. So I wish to determine whether this is a factor that affects life expectancy. I choose this investigation, as Im interested in geography particularly travelling. I plan to take a gap year after my A-levels, prior to university and hopefully visit many areas of the world including less economically developed countries. This led me to an interest in the variation of death rates between countries and I decided to compare this data to the number of doctors per person and to see if this influences the death rate in anyway. DATA COLLECTION: Firstly, I collected a list of all the countries in the world and their doctor to patient ratio. I got my data from a school Atlas I acquired from the college library; I collected the data from the same source as it was obtained in the same year. The countries were listed alphabetically and assigned a number. Using a graphics calculator I generated a random number, using a random function and chose a sample of 50. However, some numbers were generated twice so I ignored it the second time and went on to the next number. 1 Data No. People per Dr. average life expectancy 1 7358 45 2 769 73 3 1250 69 4 555 83 5 14300 47 6 1316 75 7 370 73 8 298 71 9 455 78 10 385 77 11 257 70 12 709 74 13 9090 73 14 5000 58 15 885 76 16 244 68 17 885 76 18 10000 53 19 5825 61 20 57300 44 21 3448 69 22 909 75 23 1111 76 24 667 70 25 357 78 26 2000 52 27 5000 47 28 5556 45 29 2500 69 30 333 79 31 2500 63 32 6423 65 33 1667 62 34 588 78 35 625 70 36 6667 52 37 5000 86 38 20000 56 39 476 77 40 406 77 41 50000 45 42 476 77 43 33333 49 44 303 78 45 10000 68 46 435 73 47 699 72 48 556 70 49 375 81 50 14300 37 Total 123743 1712 2 Modelling Procedures: I decided to use Excel to input my data into a table format (shown above), from this table I used Excel to draw a scatter diagram of all the data. Scatter Diagram to Compare Life Expectancies to People Per Doctor For 50 Random Countries The scatter diagram gives a good diagrammatic representation of the data and shows how the data is spread in roughly an elliptical nature. From this I can make an initial conclusion/statement that both data variables are random and normally distributed. Due to the elliptical nature of the data it allowed me to produce a regression line from the data. The regression lines shows visually roughly how strong or weak the correlation of the data is and in this instance the data is a relatively strong negative correlation. The strength of the correlation can be calculated using Pearsons Product Moment Correlation. To do this I used Excel to set-up a table consisting of (xi, yi , xi2 , yi2 , xiyi ) and the sum of all columns (shown page. 5) 3 Data No. People per Dr. average life expectancy Xi^2 Yi^2 XiYi 1 7358 45 54140164 2025 331110 2 769 73 591361 5329 56137 3 1250 69 1562500 4761 86250 4 555 83 308025 6889 46065 5 14300 47 204490000 2209 672100 6 1316 75 1731856 5625 98700 7 370 73 136900 5329 27010 8 298 71 88804 5041 21158 9 455 78 207025 6084 35490 10 385 77 148225 5929 29645 11 257 70 66049 4900 17990 12 709 74 502681 5476 52466 13 9090 73 82628100 5329 663570 14 5000 58 25000000 3364 290000 15 885 76 783225 5776 67260 16 244 68 59536 4624 16592 17 885 76 783225 5776 67260 18 10000 53 100000000 2809 530000 19 5825 61 33930625 3721 355325 20 57300 44 3283290000 1936 2521200 21 3448 69 11888704 4761 237912 22 909 75 826281 5625 68175 23 1111 76 1234321 5776 84436 24 667 70 444889 4900 46690 25 357 78 127449 6084 27846 26 2000 52 4000000 2704 104000 27 5000 47 25000000 2209 235000 28 5556 45 30869136 2025 250020 29 2500 69 6250000 4761 172500 30 333 79 110889 6241 26307 31 2500 63 6250000 3969 157500 32 6423 65 41254929 4225 417495 33 1667 62 2778889 3844 103354 34 588 78 345744 6084 45864 35 625 70 390625 4900 43750 36 6667 52 44448889 2704 346684 37 5000 86 25000000 7396 430000 38 20000 56 400000000 3136 1120000 39 476 77 226576 5929 36652 40 406 77 164836 5929 31262 41 50000 45 2500000000 2025 2250000 42 476 77 226576 5929 36652 43 33333 49 1111088889 2401 1633317 44 303 78 91809 6084 23634 45 10000 68 100000000 4624 680000 46 435 73 189225 5329 31755 47 699 72 488601 5184 50328 48 556 70 309136 4900 38920 49 375 81 140625 6561 30375 50 14300 37 204490000 1369 529100 Total 123743 1712 3804969945 120078 6450387 5 Pearsons Product Moment Correlation Coefficient This is denoted by r r = Sxy Sx Sy Sx = Standard deviation of x = Sy = Standard deviation of y = Sxy = Covariance = 1/50 ?xi yi x y = 1/50 ?xi yi x y Sx Sy Sx = 11588.897 Sy = 12.312 Sxy = -87234.776 R = -0.624 Hypothesis Test Im going to test my data at a 5% significant level. p = Population Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, H0: p = 0 (no correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy) H1: p 0 (negative correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy) Im using a 1 tail test- as from the initial scatter diagram and Pearsons Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Im aware that the correlation (if significant will be negative). * n = 50 r = -0.624 r (critical value) = Therefore by using the tables of critical values for (r) when n = 50 it is evident that the value for r (-0.624) is greater than the critical value when n = 50 at a 5% significant level. H1: p ; 0 (negative correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy) can be accepted and H0 rejected. Thus showing that at a 5% significant level there is negative correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy. 6- Regression Line Using the equation for a regression line: y- y = Sxy (x -x) Sx2 Ive generated an equation to calculate the value of (x) from (y). * y 66.8 = -87234.776 (x- 5879.22) 11588.8972 * Conclusion The scatter diagram is a good initial indication of negative correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy, suggesting that for countries that life expectancy is low there will be a greater number of people per doctor- compared to a country with higher life expectancy. Pearsons Product Moment Correlation Coefficient determines the strength of correlation between data, i.e * if r = o (no correlation) * if r = -1 ( perfect negative correlation) * if r = 1 (perfect positive correlation) Because my calculation gave me the value of r equal to -0.624 it supported the initial interpretation of the data having negative correlation and indicated that the negative correlation was of a reasonable strength. I decided to carry out a Hypothesis test on the data. This was carried out by the comparison of r (-0.624) with the corresponding critical values of (r) from the tables- showing negative correlation between people per doctor and life expectancy at a 5% significance level. 7- Accuracy The accuracy of my raw data is likely to be of the highest accuracy due to the fixers being obtained from the CIA (Central Intelligence of America) web site- from this I can be certain that all data is recent and for my investigation reliable. The only error likely to occur is the ever changing patient to doctor ratio, although is accounted for before the raw data was published by the CIA. I found this the most accurate and up to date source of information available for my access. Within the calculations itself the results are also of my highest possible accuracy. I used Excel to initially calculate Pearsons Product Correlation Coefficient, Mean, Standard Deviation and Co-variance, that was then check by hand using a calculator and the formulas included within my investigation. I kept the data to 3signifcant figures as accuracy beyond this wasnt necessary for this particular investigation. The regression line was also drawn by Excel and not by hand as to be most accurate. The only inaccuracy that I felt might have effected my investigation is a particular significant outlier or anomal result: (a result over two standard deviations from the mean). This could have caused my standard deviation of X to increase and Y to decrease compared to all other data figures, leading to a possible inaccuracy to my Co-variance and Pearsons Product Correlation Coefficient. The anomaly is highlighted in my scatter diagram (including the regression line) as to show the change in the regression line to incorporate this outlier- another possibly affected factor in my investigation.

The Life of Astronomer Claudius Ptolemy

The Life of Astronomer Claudius Ptolemy The science of astronomy is one of humanitys oldest sciences. No one knows quite when the first people looked up and began to study the sky, but we do know that very early people began noting the sky thousands of years in the past. Written astronomical records were recorded in ancient times, often on tablets or walls or in artwork. That was when observers began charting what they saw in the sky. They didnt always understand what they observed, but realized that the skys objects move in periodic and predictable ways. Claudius Ptolemy with an armillary sphere he used to predict solstice dates and other celestial sights. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Claudius Ptolemy (often called Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, and simply Ptolemeus) was one of the earliest of these observers. He systematically charted the sky to help predict and explain the motions of the planets and stars. He was a scientist and philosopher who lived in Alexandria, Egypt nearly 2,000 years ago. Not only was he an astronomer, but he also studied geography and used what he learned to make detailed maps of the known world. We know very little of Ptolemys early life, including his birth and death dates. Historians have more information about his observations since they became the basis for later charts and theories. The first of his observations that can be dated exactly occurred on March 12, 127. His last recorded one was February 2, 141. Some experts think his life spanned the years 87 – 150. However long he lived, Ptolemy did much to advance science and appears to have been a very accomplished observer of the stars and planets.   We get a few clues about his background from his name: Claudius Ptolemy. Its a mixture of the Greek Egyptian Ptolemy and the Roman Claudius. Together, they indicate that his family was probably Greek and they had settled in Egypt (which was under Roman rule) for some time before his birth. Very little else is known about his origins.   Ptolemy, the Scientist Ptolemys work was quite advanced, considering that he didnt have the types of tools that astronomers rely on today. He lived in a time of naked eye observations; no telescopes existed to make his life easier. Among other topics. Ptolemy  wrote about the  Greek geocentric view  of the universe (which put Earth at the center of everything). That view seemed to quite nicely put humans at the center of things, as well, a notion that was hard to shake until Galileos time. Ptolemy also calculated the apparent motions of the known planets. He did this by synthesizing and extending the work of Hipparchus of Rhodes, an astronomer who came up with a system of epicycles and eccentric circles to explain why Earth was the center of the solar system. Epicycles are small circles whose centers move around the circumferences of larger ones.  He used at least 80 of these tiny circular orbits  to explain the motions of the Sun, the Moon, and the five planets known in his time. Ptolemy expanded this concept and made many fine calculations to fine-tune it.   This drawing by astronomer Jean Dominique Cassini was influenced by the epicycles that Ptolemy refined by his mathematics and observations of the sky. public domain This system came to be called the Ptolemaic System. It was the linchpin of the theories about objects motions in the sky for nearly a millennium and a half. It predicted the positions of the planets accurately enough for naked-eye observations, but it turned out to be wrong and too complicated. As with most other scientific ideas, simpler is better, and coming up with loopy circles wasnt a good answer to why planets orbit the way they do.   Ptolemy the Writer Ptolemy was also a prolific writer in the subjects and disciplined he studied. For astronomy, he described his system in his books that make up the  Almagest (also known as Mathematical Syntaxis). It was a 13-volume mathematical explanation of astronomy  containing information about the numerical and geometrical concepts behind the motions of the Moon and known planets. He also included a star catalog that contained 48 constellations (star patterns) he could observe, all with the same names that are still in use today. As a further example of some of his scholarship, he made regular observations of the sky at the time of the solstices and equinoxes, which allowed him to figure out the lengths of the seasons. From this information, he then went on to try and describe the motion of the Sun around our planet. Of course, he was wrong because the Sun does not orbit Earth. But, without more knowledge of the solar system, it would have been very difficult for him to know that. However, his systematic approach to charting and measuring sky events and objects was among the first scientific attempts to explain what happens in the sky. The Ptolemaic System was the accepted wisdom about the motions of the solar system bodies and the importance of Earth in that system for centuries. In 1543, the Polish scholar Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric view which put the Sun at the center of the solar system. The heliocentric calculations he came up with for the movement of planets were further improved by Johannes Keplers laws of motion. Interestingly, some people doubt that Ptolemy truly believed his own system, rather he merely used it as a method of calculating positions. A page of Ptolemys Almagest translated and reproduced by Edward Ball Knobel. public domain   Ptolemy was also very important in the history of geography and cartography. He was well aware that Earth is a sphere and was the first cartographer to project the spherical shape of the planet onto a flat plane. His work, Geography  remained the principal work on the subject until the time of Columbus. It contained amazingly accurate information for the time and given the difficulties of mapping that all cartographers raced. But it did have some problems, including an overestimated size and extent of the Asian landmass. Some scholars think that the maps Ptolemy created may have been a deciding factor in Columbuss decision to sail west for the Indies and ultimately discover the continents of the western hemisphere. Fast Facts about Ptolemy Not much is known about Ptolemys early life. He was a Greek citizen living in Alexandria, Egypt.Ptolemy was a cartographer and geography, and also worked in mathematics.Ptolemy was also an avid skygazer. Sources Claudius Ptolemy, www2.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Pm.html.â€Å"Claudius Ptolemy.†Ã‚  Ptolemy (about 85-about 165), www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Ptolemy.html.â€Å"Notable People.†Ã‚  Who Was Claudius Ptolemy, microcosmos.uchicago.edu/ptolemy/people.html.? Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen

Readmission essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Readmission - Essay Example I had to undergo a lot of stress and due to this aspect, I had a double mind. I know now that I should have given priority to my studies and then to my girlfriend, but within the thick of things I just could not do what I should have carried out. I regret the inconvenience that it caused to the Purdue University but I am sure nothing of this sort will ever happen again, as I have realized the gravity of the mistake that I had committed. I have fortunately overcome the situation that I was engulfed within. Now I can concentrate whole-heartedly towards my studies and this is the single most significant reason why my academic record shall increase in the coming times. I am sure that I will improve on my record if I am given a chance to showcase my true skills and mettle. This is in line with my vision to set things right within my study realms. I have an undecided major within the university but I am certain that I shall take one up as soon as I am allotted the readmission that would put me in a better position to comprehend the study nuances. For this, I need to be within the university itself to decide which major would be deemed as the most significant one and where I shall achieve success in the coming times. As for now, I am still undecided because I need to learn on my own and acquire more skills because this will set the ball rolling for my career. Ever since I was dropped from the Purdue University, I have gained fresh insights. I have realized that education is the basis of every human success that is achieved in this day and age. I have also come to terms with the comprehension that I need to set my own house in order before delving into other zones. Also my priorities should be straight so that I could achieve what I direly need for myself. This is something that could be seen as a positive within my personality which has come about in the recent times. In the end, I would request the management at the